Suresh: Nobel Week

I have gone through the nobelprize.org, it is very much informative.

Every year since 1901 the Nobel Prize has been awarded for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace. The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma, and a cash award

Why is the Nobel Peace Prize awarded in Oslo and all the other Nobel Prizes in Stockholm?
Alfred Nobel left no explanation as to why the prize for peace was to be awarded by a Norwegian committee while the other four prizes were to be handled by Swedish committees. In the will he wrote:
"The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiology or medical works by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting."

Why do you use the word Nobel Laureate and not Nobel Prize Winner?
The awarding of the Nobel Prizes is not a competition or lottery, and therefore there are no winners or losers. Nobel Laureates receive the Nobel Prize in recognition of their achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, or peace.

Nobel Prize amount
10000000(sweden kronor) = 6,71,54,875 (Indian rupees) [in 2007]

Nobel Laureates Facts (2007)

807 Nobel Laureates!
787 individuals and 20 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize. Some Laureates and organizations have been awarded more than once.

Only 35 women!
35 Nobel Laureates have been women, and the remaining 752 were men.

The youngest Nobel Laureate
To date, the youngest Laureate is Lawrence Bragg, who was just 25 years old when he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his father in 1915.

The oldest Nobel Laureate
The oldest Laureate to date is Leonid Hurwicz, 2007 Economics Laureate, who is 90 years old.

Which person or organization has received the Nobel Prize more than once?

Marie Curie received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry;
John Bardeen received the 1956 and the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics;
Frederick Sanger received the 1958 and the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry;
Comité International de la Croix Rouge received the 1917, 1944 and 1963 Nobel Peace Prize;
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees received the 1954 and the 1981 Nobel Peace Prize;
Linus Pauling received the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

Who is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes?

Linus Pauling was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2008

"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international
conflicts"

Name : Martti Ahtisaari
Country: Finland

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008

Name : Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
Country : France

"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008

"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"

Harald zur Hausen	Françoise Barré-Sinoussi	Luc Montagnier


1/2 of the prize	1/4 of the prize	1/4 of the prize
Germany	France	France
German Cancer Research Centre Heidelberg, Germany	Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur Paris, France	World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention Paris, France

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008

"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"

Osamu Shimomura	Martin Chalfie	Roger Y. Tsien


1/3 of the prize	1/3 of the prize	1/3 of the prize
USA	USA	USA
Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) Woods Hole, MA, USA	Columbia University New York, NY, USA	University of California San Diego, CA, USA

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

Yoichiro Nambu	Makoto Kobayashi	Toshihide Maskawa


1/2 of the prize	1/4 of the prize	1/4 of the prize
USA	Japan	Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA	High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan	Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan